ʻO ka mea ʻike ikaika kekahi o nā ʻehā ʻehā e kākoʻo ana i ka automation kaʻina hana ʻoihana. ʻO ka mea hoʻoikaika ikaika e pili ana i ka mea hiki ke manaʻo (a i ʻole e pane) i ka ikaika i ka mea ʻike ikaika. ʻO ka ikaika e pili ana i nā nui kino e like me ka'umekaumaha, ka haʻalulu, ke kaomi, ka manawa a me ka ikaika compressive.

1. maʻiʻo kumu

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea ikaika a me nā mea ʻike i nā keʻena hana ʻenehana like ʻole a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻepekema. Nui nā ʻano a me nā kikoʻī o nā mea ikaika a me nā sensor, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā ʻano like ʻole. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano kuʻuna o ke ana ʻana i ka ikaika e ka deformation a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea elastic, i ʻike ʻia e ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a ʻaʻohe pono o ka lako mana, akā he nui a nui, a ʻo kāna huahana ʻaʻole uila. Ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻia nā kānana kānana, ʻoi loa me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana microelectronics, ka ikaika semiconductor a me nā mea ʻike kaomi i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena piezoresistive a me ka elasticity o nā mea semiconductor a me ka ʻenehana kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia, kahi i holomua nui i kēia ʻano o nā sensor. ʻO nā mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka ikaika he resistive, piezoelectric, capacitive, variable reluctance, optical fiber a pēlā aku. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻenekona hawewe acoustic surface, magnetostrictive pressure sensor, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā mea ʻike uila ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻohālike ka mea ʻike mana alapine ʻokoʻa i ka volta komo a me nā hōʻailona o kēia manawa ma ke ʻano o kēia manawa, a laila hoʻohui i nā waiwai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mea hoʻokomo kikohoʻe lua ma o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻouna e like me nā kaula a me nā fiber optical. ʻO ka mea hoʻokomo kikohoʻe lua e helu i nā waiwai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia o ka volta a me ke au, a hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻāpana e like me ka waiwai kūpono o ka volta, ka waiwai kūpono o kēia manawa, ka uila kumu, ka mana kumu, ka volta harmonic, ka manawa harmonic, ka mana ikaika, ka mana kumu a me ka mana harmonic.

2. ʻO ka mea hiki ke hoʻololi i ke alapine uila he kūpono ia no ke ana ʻana i ka nui a me ke ana ʻana.

3. kūpono ke ana a me ke ana ʻana o nā ʻāpana uila i loko o ka laulā bandwidth.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hoʻoulu uila, nā kaʻa, nā mea pā, nā paila, ka mana makani, ka transit rail, nā kaʻa uila, nā mea hoʻololi pinepine, nā mea hoʻololi kūikawā, nā kukui fluorescent, nā kukui LED a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ka loiloi ikaika a me ka nānā ʻana i ka mana maikaʻi.